Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Fallacy of Division

In critical thinking, we often come across statements that fall victim to the fallacy of division. This common logical fallacy refers to an attribution placed onto an entire class, assuming that each part has the same property as the whole. These can be physical objects, concepts, or groups of people.   By grouping elements of a whole together and assuming that every piece automatically has a certain attribute, we are often stating a false argument. This falls into the category of a fallacy of grammatical analogy. It can apply to many arguments and statements we make, including the debate over religious beliefs. Explanation The fallacy of division is similar to the fallacy of composition  but in reverse. This fallacy involves someone taking an attribute of a whole or a class and assuming that it must also necessarily be true of each part or member. The fallacy of division takes the form of: X has property P. Therefore, all parts (or members) of X have this property P. Examples and Observations Here are some obvious examples of the Fallacy of Division: The United States is the richest country in the world. Therefore, everyone in the United States must be rich and live well.Because professional sports players are paid outrageous salaries, every professional sports player must be rich.The American judicial system is a fair system. Therefore, the defendant got a fair trial and was not executed unfairly. Just as with the fallacy of composition, it is possible to create similar arguments that are valid. Here are some examples: All dogs are from the canidae family. Therefore, my Doberman is from the canidae family.All men are mortal. Therefore, Socrates is mortal. Why are these last examples of valid arguments? The difference is between distributive and collective attributes. Attributes that are shared by all members of a class are called distributive because the attribute is distributed among all members by virtue of being a member. Attributes that are created only by bringing together the right parts in the right way are called collective.  This is because it is an attribute of a collection, rather than of the individuals. These examples will illustrate the difference: Stars are large.Stars are numerous. Each statement modifies the word stars with an attribute. In the first, the attribute large is distributive. It is a quality held by each star individually, regardless of whether it is in a group or not. In the second sentence, the attribute numerous is collective. It is an attribute of the entire group of stars and only exists because of the collection. No individual star can have the attribute numerous. This demonstrates a primary reason why so many arguments like this are fallacious. When we bring things together, they can often result in a whole which has new properties unavailable to the parts individually. This is what is often meant by the phrase the whole is more than the sum of the parts. Just because atoms put together in a certain way constitutes a living dog does not mean that all atoms are living - or that the atoms are themselves dogs, either. In Religion Atheists often encounter the fallacy of division when debating religion and science. Sometimes, they may be guilty of using it themselves: Christianity has done many evil things in its history. Therefore, all Christians are evil and nasty. One common way of using the fallacy of division is known as guilt by association. This is clearly illustrated in the example above. Some nasty characteristic is attributed to an entire group of people - political, ethnic, religious, etc. It is then concluded that some particular member of that group (or every member) should be held responsible for whatever nasty things we have come up with. They are, therefore, labeled guilty due to their association with that group. While its uncommon for atheists to state this particular argument in such a direct manner, many atheists have made similar arguments. If not spoken, its not unusual for atheists to behave as if they believed this argument was true. Here is a slightly more complicated example of the fallacy of division which is often used by creationists: Unless each cell in your brain is capable of consciousness and thinking, then the consciousness and thinking in your brain cannot be explained by matter alone. It doesnt look like the other examples, but it is still the fallacy of division - its just been hidden. We can see it better if we more clearly state the hidden premise: If your (material) brain is capable of consciousness, then each cell of your brain must be capable of consciousness. But we know that each cell of your brain does not possess consciousness. Therefore, your (material) brain itself cannot be the source of your consciousness. This argument presumes that if something is true of the whole, then it must be true of the parts. Because it is not true that each cell in your brain is individually capable of consciousness, the argument concludes that there must be something more involved - something other than material cells.   Consciousness, therefore, must come from something other than the material brain. Otherwise, the argument would lead to a true conclusion. Yet, once we realize that the argument contains a fallacy, we no longer have a reason to assume that consciousness is caused by something else. It would be like using this argument: Unless each part of a car is capable of self-propulsion, then self-propulsion in a car cannot be explained by the material car-parts alone. No intelligent person would ever think to use or accept this argument, but its structurally similar to the consciousness example.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

A Escape to Freedom - 1001 Words

Escape to Freedom Bosnia is a country located on the Balkan Peninsula in Eastern Europe. After the end of the Soviet Union a number of European states were created, which included Bosnia. There was conflict between ethnic and religious groups because borders were changed. A war broke out in 1992 because Serbs and Croats living in Bosnia wanted the territory for themselves. Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic sent the Yugoslav Army to eastern Bosnia and killed thousands. They started an â€Å"ethnic cleansing† process; they destroyed large areas where Bosnian Muslims lived; they were captured, beaten, tortured and sent to concentration camps. The Serbs had a policy for raping the Bosnian women because this destroyed bonds between families. More than 800,000 Bosnians fled their country, having lost their homes and loved ones. There are many Bosnians living outside their country. According to the book, The Bosnian Diaspora, an estimate of 1.4 million Bosnians live outside of Bosnia. The largest Bosnian Diaspora occurred because of the war, which caused thousands of Bosnians to flee their home, most of them Muslim. â€Å"From 1991 to 1994, 11,500 immigrated. The number fell to 8,300 in 1995, then rose to 11,900 in 1996. In 1994, with the U.S. Census records listing Bosnians as a separate category, 337 refugees were granted permanent residence. There were an additional 3,818 refugees in 1995 and 6,246 in 1996. In 1996, 19,242 Bosnians filed for refugee status. Of these, 14,654 wereShow MoreRelatedThe Escape Of Freedom2342 Words   |  10 Pages The Escape To Freedom It was the year of, 1769, in the U.S., where slavery was still legal. An african - american boy named, Abraham, got his parents taken away at the age of 4. He would always see how the people of the same color as he were treated unfairly and how the kids parents were also taken away, but he just thought that they were going to some kind of vacation. After this, Abraham was brought to a home where he was cared for by a nanny. During play time, the american boys would teaseRead MoreThemes Of Escape By Mary Shelley And Incarceron By Catherine Fisher1271 Words   |  6 Pagesconfinement is escape, breaking free from control and captivity. Individuals, even with different backgrounds, have tried to escape this confinement in search of a better life. Even in literature, the concepts of escape is portrayed in many novels. Both Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and Incarceron by Catherine Fisher illustrate the literary and actual aspects of the act of escaping. Although both novels bear some minor differences in the concept of escape the similarities are very apparent. Escapes from theRead MoreJoy Ride Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages101 8 October 2012 Begging for an Escape â€Å"Joy Ride† is a short story written by Richard Russo. It features a boy, John Dern, and his mother, who both long for an escape from their lives at the time. This story follows the theme that one key aspect the human condition is the search for an escape. At some point in life, most humans wish to escape their past and present state of living. There may be many motivating factors behind this. However, most attempt to escape for one of three main reasons. TheseRead MoreA Brief Look at the Underground Railroad1335 Words   |  5 Pagesno hope for freedom. In the 1800s everything changed when the Underground Railroad had gone into effect as the system kept on growing and there were more than 100,000 slaves escaped from the South and gained their freedom. The journey for a slave to gain freedom was difficult and dangerous under the circumstances in the nineteenth century. Not even slave owners were looking for fugitive slaves, governments also imposed laws to restricted the rights of fugitive slave, causing their escape as an illegalRead MoreUnderground Railroad Essay Outline1333 Words   |  6 Pagesplantations in the middle of the night and taking the Underground Railroad to the Northern Territory where they would become a free African American man or woman. Before and during the American Civil War, a unique program to help slaves escape and move to freedom was called the Underground Railroad. The success of Underground Railroad was achieved through generous people such as Harriet Tubman. The term Underground Railroad started in the 1830s but according to George Washington complainedRead MoreThe Themes Of African Americans967 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans. Singing these spirituals helped them escape the everyday hardships of slavery even if it was just for a moment. Each spiritual had its own meaning but overall, I think that the central meaning of the spirituals was encoded communication. These spirituals were used mainly to talk about escape plans and routes. The spirituals used biblical names to speak of the everyday people around them. The encoded messages about escape were part of the central meaning of these spirituals. I doRead MoreHumanitarian Essay697 Words   |  3 Pages25, 2009 Escape to Freedom Imagine what it would be like to get hit in the head with a two pound weight by protecting another person. Harriet Tubman was born a slave. As a slave, she preferred working outdoors than in the kitchen. She also became known as the â€Å"Conductor of the Underground Railroad.† Without Harriet Tubman, she would not have inspired many people like Martin Luther King Jr. Harriet Tubman is a humanitarian because she helped over 300 slaves escape to their freedom. HarrietRead MoreThe Story Of American Slavery1595 Words   |  7 Pagesbrutality of the life that so many people had to endure have been written over the years. In this book, David Blight tells the story about two men, John M. Washington (1838-1918) and Wallace Turnage (1846-1916) and their escape from slavery during the Civil War. Their escape to freedom occurred during the chaos of this nation’s most bloody war and amidst a political and cultural conflict, which had been ripping the country apart for many decades. Throughout the Civil War, in thousands of different circumstancesRead MoreThe Slave Narrative Written By Rowlandson998 Words   |  4 PagesRowlandson attempts to consume the food that the Indians provide for her, but she soon discovers that the taste of the rancid food is more revolting than she can tolerate, but she continues trying to fit in, in her mind it is the only way she can possibly escape from the Indians alive. Coincidentally, Equiano also has to endure very similar perils. In the introduction to Equiano’s slave narrative, we acquire that he is being forced into slavery by his own people, in order to be sold to the white slave ownersRead MoreUnderground Railroad974 Words   |  4 PagesThe Underground Railroad’s Strive for Freedom Secrecy The Underground Railroad was a road to freedom which consisted of an enormous system of people who helped fugitive slaves flee to the North and to Canada. It was run by many Caucasians, or abolitionists, but mainly African Americans, or slaves (Heinrichs 8). The Underground Railroad was a danger which many risked their own lives to save the ones of slaves. This wouldn’t have been able to happen if it weren’t for their secrecy and braveness

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Second Wave - 1158 Words

Some accomplishments of the second wave were the reform of states divorce laws and federal legislation that mandated equal pay and equal education opportunities. Furthermore, this wave is split into two branches: liberal and radical. Radicals sought to address causes of the oppression of women. Liberal feminists worked in existing institutions systems under the assumption that the institutions themselves were not useless. Thus, their goal was to equalize, not to replace or transform. During WWII especially, women replaced nearly six million men who were across the ocean. Women appeared in factories and manufacturing places and even organized a national baseball league. This is right about when the figure â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† became a†¦show more content†¦While there were still many sexist things going on, particularly in the southern states, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed. At this time, women still earned  ½ of what their male coworkers were making doing t he same job. This act looked to eliminate pay differences in the workplace based on sex. Many people held the popular belief that a man should be the primary provider for his family. Even today, women get paid less than men if it isn t a government job. The 70’s benefited the movement, especially in film and entertainment. One of the highest rated sitcoms of the 70’s was the Mary Tyler Moore Show, whose main character was a single, hardworking woman who ended her engagement and moved to the city independently. During this decade, mainstream movies and tv prorams started to portray strong, independent female characters. Although women have come a long way since the sufferate movement, there are ways to go still. Many people arguing that the biggest differences between men and women were a result of social influences, not inherited traits. Women are just as capable of succeeding in business. The biological differences between men and women is O’Halloran 4 extrememly small, and even the biological traits should have little if any effect on the law. The government should not be making any career decisions for women. Laws should

PG Organization Structure Essay examples - 824 Words

Pamp;G Case Analysis The history of Pamp;G is a vivid story of organization strategy as it goes through the entrepreneurial, collectivity, formalization, and elaboration stages. It evolves from a domestic company to multination, global, international, and finally transnational company. The organization structure keeps evolving correspondingly in its life cycle. As it becomes a globalized company, it is weighed down by the bureaucracy and hierarchy. Finding a fit organization structure and executing the transition smoothly becomes critical to its future growth. Domestic - Entrepreneurial Stage: at its inception, Pamp;G established centralized functional structure and focused on product innovation. The centralized Ramp;D structure†¦show more content†¦The weakness of the decentralized Europe structure is that it has slow innovation and response time and is very hard to build regional brand. In the end, Europe was consolidated into product division structure like US. Multinational - Formalization Stage: starting from 1987, Pamp;G expanded its business in Japan and developing markets. The increasing demand of coordination among functions and cross-country product management called for organization change. A Matrix structure of category and function first emerged in U.S., and then the Global Matrix was created and extended to the rest of world. These global functions promoted knowledge sharing and transfer, consolidated manufacturing and distribution and extracted massive saving, developed close relationship with big customers, and accelerated global product launches. Global – Elaboration Stage: by late 1990s, Pamp;G entered global stage. The customers are global and no longer limited to specific regions. The suppliers are from different countries. The manufacturing and distribution are consolidated worldwide to reduce cost. Finally, the information technology made the global standardization possible, enabling free flow of information and resource. The global matrix structure streamlined these processes and also reinforced the power of these global functions. However, on the other side, regional managers had their own responsibility of financial results. The asymmetric power structure andShow MoreRelatedProcter Gambler: Organisation1063 Words   |  5 PagesGamble: Organization 2005       1.Why did the US organizational structure shift from product grouping in the 1950s to a matrix in the 1980s? Why did the European organizational structure shift from geographic grouping in the 1950s to category management in the 1980s? Why were the two structures integrated into a global cube in the 1990s?       As mentioned in the article, the US market is a large homogenous one, which is characterized by buyers with similar needs and wants.    PG originallyRead MoreEssay on Procter and Gable1379 Words   |  6 PagesProcter amp; Gamble: Organization 2005 (A) [Piskorski amp; Spadini, 2007] September 25, 2012 Case Discussion Questions These questions are mainly for class discussion. However, they will also be quite helpful in preparing for the quiz. The possible essay questions for the exam have already been sent in the guidelines for the first exam. U.S. Divisional Structure in 1955 (Diagram 1) 1. What are the benefits of organizing by product rather than function? By using the product strategyRead MoreThe Business And Organizational Culture1579 Words   |  7 Pagesacquisition of Gillette by PG is one of the best cases that highlights the importance of developing synergies culturally within potential alliance partners. This acquisition took place in 2005 and was heralded by many financial analysts as â€Å"a dream marriage†. However, the two companies were adrift culturally than it had been anticipated. Organizational Structure Organization Structure has considerable impacts, affects and influences on most of the aspects of an organization that determines its performanceRead MoreAnalysis Of P G Us910 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1950s, PG US was organized by product (Diagram 1) †¢ Advantages of organizing by product are: o Faster decision making on the products o Decision making can be effectively done by Brand managers instead of escalating it to executives o Product development life cycle can be improved o Faster product modifications based on the customer response o Performance of each divisional products are can be evaluated easily based on the income statements. As each product division is independent, we canRead MoreEssay Unit 6 Assignment 11591 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Leadership by Innovation Lucretia M. Taylor MBA6006 Leading Innovation in a Global Organization 76 Highland Court West Haven, CT. 06516 Telephone: 203-507-0538 Email:ltaylor90@capellauniversity.edu Instructor: Dr. Douglas Buck Leadership by Innovation Delivering and making short-term profits signaled success for leaders. Globalization, economic uncertainty, and rapid advancing technology in the 21st century have set the stage for a new type of leadership. Today, investors are lessRead MoreForethought Behind Procter Gamble s Organization1441 Words   |  6 PagesForethought Behind Procter Gamble’s Organization November 16, 2014 Herzing University Dorothy Dilger A mission statement specifies the present direction a firm is going, while a vision statement advocates the future course in mind. PG defines their mission and vision statement with a statement of purpose to reflect upon building products that provide a benefit, and grant prosperity for all. Almost two decades the company has progressively grown; whereas, recently, the company has developedRead MoreManaging with Analytics at Proctor Gamble Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pagesthings over the years, including the information decision solutions provided through their core analytics team. With the passionate leadership exhibited by the company’s CEO, Bob McDonald, and the ambitious and visionary efforts of CIO Passerini, Pamp;G was able to secure a clear competitive advantage through the development of their analytics department. In this case discussion, a brief overview of the company’s efforts to transform their IT department as well as specific actions and results willRea d MoreProcter Gamble s Organizational Structure1150 Words   |  5 Pages Organizational Structure Matthew Boecker XMGT/230 June 28, 2015 Jason Yager Organizational Structure Proctor Gamble is a major consumer goods manufacturing company that is a global corporation. Whereas, they manufacture products such as paper towels, diapers, laundry and dish detergents, soaps and shampoos, and cosmetics such as make-up. With such an array of different products and sheer size, from top to bottom Proctor Gamble’s organizational structure is huge. Thus, there is a multitudeRead MoreHuman Resource Structure807 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Resource structure is administrative and common to all organizations, especially to the big company like Tianyang Food, a food production company in China. HR department act as the support for the organization in the likes of law, compensation, benefit, safety and health of the employees and the organization. However, the improper management from the HR structure can put the organization in a very difficult situation. Based on the case study, an employee named Lu Yueting had poisoned theRead MoreBusiness Management : P G1721 Words   |  7 PagesOn June 5th of 2013 PG announced that company is going through some change and made decision to group its Global Business Units (GBUs) into four industry-based sectors. Task of each of these sectors will be concentrated on share of common technologies, common consumer benefits, and face common competitors. These four industry-based sectors will be focusing on strengthening of already developed market business, maintenance of developing market momentum, production of a strong innovation pipeline

Planning for Management Information System Free Essays

The biggest challenge and most critical success factor in reengineering projects are persuading the people within the organization to cooperate. When you begin to computerize a legacy system considers the advantages; reduced clerical cost, quicker processing time and improved customer service. Everyone knows that the computer capabilities alone make life a lot easier for all managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning for Management Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The advantage of time and accuracy spread over the lifespan of the information system means improved long-term vision and focus for top, middle and lower managers. A management information system (MIS) focus is on information that management needs to prepare its job. This task becomes much more difficult when the major players have a tradition of high independence, are often confrontational to management, and are irreplaceable independent contractors. CIO’s in major business organizations face exactly this situation; further complicated by the fact that the reengineering effort is crucial to the continued existence of the organization. Such discussion has driven the software industry to focus attention on software specifically designed to support the team approach essential to most service and customer oriented organizations. The importance of teamwork can not be over emphasize in achieving overall organizational goals, and the need to capture and manage an organization’s knowledge base remain crucial. This teamwork enables the organization to achieve and sustain competitive advantage in their business. In considering the framework for an information system (IS) each level operational, tactical and strategic planning requires different IS. At the operational planning system, the IS collect, validate and record transactional data relating to acquisition or disbursement of resources. The data for account receivable and payables, payrolls, inventory level, shipping data, printed invoice and cash receipts recorded as they occur. The operational-level IS characteristic are repetitive, predictable, emphasizes the past and detailed in nature just to name a few. The focus of the operational system is the daily tasks performed at the user level. The operational level manager uses this data to check every day tasks, i. e. ordering, shipping, inventory control, the essence of the business processes. The second level in the framework is the tactical system. This system provide middle-level managers with information to monitor and control operation while allocating their resources efficiently. The data is summarized, aggregated, or analyzed with a wide range of reports, i. e. , summary, exception and ah hoc reports. The tactical information system differs from operational information system in the basic purpose: operational support the execution of tasks and a tactical information system supports a manager control over those tasks under their area of supervision as well as the allocation of resources to meet the company objectives set by top management. The data input and the information produced as outputs differ from the type of data involved, tactical characteristics are periodic in nature, with unexpected findings, comparative in nature with both internal and external sources. The tactical information system purpose and the regularity of report produced within the information system are drastically different from an operational system. The third level in the framework is strategic planning, designed to provide top managers with information that assist them in making long-range planning decisions for the business. The different in strategic and tactical are not always clear, because both types of information systems may use some of the same data, you might say that the systems sometimes overlap with the difference being in the data that the system uses. Typically, top management uses strategic planning system to forecast long-range company objectives. The characteristics are ah hoc basis, unstructured format, external source, and subjectivity, summary and predictive in nature. A MIS provides information for effective planning and tactical decision making, which is the foundation of operational level data system. A tactical planning system provides middle-level management with the ability to monitor and control resources. The tactical information system does not support the execution of operational tasks, but allow managers visibility over the operation. Information systems are costly, to deploy and maintain, yet the maximization of economic value of IS in the long-run balance out over the initial set-up cost. The right software products enable teams of people to integrate their knowledge, work processes and applications to achieve improved business effectiveness. It has been suggested that the implementation of such technologies is more difficult and yields more unintended consequences than is typically acknowledged. First, how such technologies are used reflect the effects. Second, how these technologies are likely used when alternative tools co-exist, meaning predictability is difficult from technological characteristics. Third, because people use groupware with other people, one person’s choices about how to use groupware may have consequences for other group members, user satisfaction. The measurement for an effective MIS must be the users; usage and satisfaction have a strong correlation. Obvious, the effectiveness of MIS depends upon the use of the system and if the employees accept it. The information system department, managers and users together make the MIS process successful. The managers implement the MIS, their behavior and motivation play an important part in the variables for the system to be effective. Each designed MIS produce information for decision making throughout the organization. Let†s examine several case studies with the implementation of MIS as seen in three distinct companies, an insurance company, a food marketing company and a social service agency. The insurance company normal routine consisted of tons of policy paperwork generated daily to accomplish the company objectives. The company started on line systems supporting policy screening, creation and issuance in the 70†³s. An employee could key in new application information at his or her computer terminal, after the compilation of information an underwriter can evaluate the insurability of potential customers. After the approval process, the information system produces a policy data sheet. This business process makes it possible to handle inquiries from individual policyholders and sales agents seeking personal data information about policyholders. The home office linked to all locations of their sales agencies allowing sales agents to inquire on-line about policies with the capability to edit application information at their site. The home office can still update policies as well. Yes, this service provides the agencies with a competitive advantage in product marketing and customer service. The home office outsourced and purchased software that enable the sales agents to analyze alternative companies† product and service options, resulting in winning the customers† loyalty and a quicker sales. The company continues to grasp the future for innovations and anticipating their customers† needs in the future. This approach along ensures valuable information for the senior-level management to plan as well as reduce overhead cost with improved productivity and better decision-making ability. Next, let look at the food industry and view how information system improved their process. The MIS geared toward physical distribution at the operational level, where update orders and invoices sent to the distribution centers and the system updates the account receivable and associate system files. The system prints invoices at the origin and destination location, resulting in reduced cost and faster payments equal more cash flow. The food company produced numerous reports that enabled the managers to conduct on-line credit checks from their account receivable status report, and identify delinquent accounts, before shipping the merchandise to the distribution centers. The customer services personnel have immediate access to open account allowing for immediate visibility and response to customer inquiries about deliveries and shipments, similarly cash payments received automatically applied to customers† on-line account. Let us not forget to look at the marketing advantages with MIS as well. Sales analysis reports reflect the customers† history product information file; this data generates report by product line in each territory each month for middle-level managers to forecast demands for any specific product item. Normally, this begs the question about production and if the company can continue to support the demands of the customers. At this junction, the IS gives managers additional insight about demand and the need to forecast for future buys. The company established a bill-of-material file, which computerized the ingredients for each product line and created batch size for all products. This process minimized the work process and improved the manufacturing ordering process for each customer batch orders. The product specification file served as the database of reference information enabling the manager the ability to print text on all purchase orders. The text file produced a finished goods inventory, which is transferred to the branch warehouse stockroom in various locations; this information is based on sales analysis report (demand). In the finance and administration department, the updated account receivables correlates with customers’ billing and cash receipts. A monthly exception report generated from the aged balances spits out a collection letter automatically to the respective recipients at specified intervals. The MIS enabled the food marketing company to process orders more timely, manage inventories more efficiently and organize their production section. Bottom line cost savings of MIS results in more revenue and a better customer relationship and senior-level managers focusing their attention on emerging trends in the market. A social service department utilizes MIS in the public sector by providing financial assistance to the residences, i. . medical assistance, food stamps, facilitate foster home and adoption, day care, school service, family planning, housing and legal services. The MIS processes new applications and payments. The applicant applies and become eligible then the system creates an on-line record for them. The system automatically prints an identification card for the payroll master file that entitles the recipient to service for which the bill goes to the social service department. An on-line inquiry and update of the applicant record are also possible. The payroll master file sorts, generates the welfare check, and lists them on the payroll register, which generates historical report for managers. In all three case studies, the information systems support transactional processing. The user involvement in each of the project selection ensures the effectiveness of the information system and its acceptability. How do you measure utilization and performance in MIS? The term utilization is the extent that the intended users use the information system (IS) for its intended purpose. The term performance measures the improvement of the business process that supports the IS implementation. These measurements observed through business records, visual or electronic inspections and take the personal opinions and attitudes out of the decision-making loop. The multiple variables sometimes are difficult to identify, but the IS department must be impartial if the true value is realized of a successful IS project. A successful IS project can be measure best with psychometric tests of attitude, interests, and opinions such as user information satisfaction in the broadest sense. The performance measures of the business determine the effectiveness of the MIS. You can see that information technology give companies a competitive edge, once an information based service enters other company either catch up or eliminate the original innovator competitive advantage thus raising the stake for those participating in the marketplace. Today, company can link its customer to its order entry system, thus improving efficiency and improve business performance. Sure, an effective information system, if efficient reduces needless paperwork and allows the customer access to available stock information before committing to the purchase of goods and services. Let not forget about effective too, the information system provide better service to its customers, for instance, i. e. the creation of electronic travel supermarket through on-line reservation system, i. e. www. priceline. com or www. Travelocity. com, which is transforming the basis of competition within this marketplace. To compete efficiently in this world, companies must establish information partnership as an integral part of successful business processes. How to cite Planning for Management Information System, Essay examples

How is Love Described in How do I love thee by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Remember me by Christina Rossetti Essay Example For Students

How is Love Described in How do I love thee by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Remember me by Christina Rossetti Essay Christina Rossetti was a strong, passionate poet who put her deepest feelings of love and romance into her writing. Rossetti was born in London but her family were originally from Italy. Christina was the fourth and youngest child of Gabriele and Frances Rossetti. Both of Rossettis parents were especially poetic and enjoyed exploring the modern arts of the Victorian age. Rossetti was educated at home, in several ways this helped stimulate her poetic mind. Extraordinarily Christina started writing at an extremely young age but was first published in 1850 by The Germ. Christina wrote countless love poems in her life but yet never married. Rossetti had two marriage offers, but turned them both down due to religious differences. Although Rossetti was never married she did of course experience love. Christina spent most of her life locked in a quiet room writing and died a recluse in 1894. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was older than Rossetti and lived a completely different lifestyle. Elizabeth was brought up by her wealthy, Catholic parents who she loved dearly. She, like Rossetti, was educated at home by her mother. Sadly in 1828 Elizabeths mother died and at twenty two Browning was left grieving, depressed and distraught. Life did not go smoothly for Elizabeth from then on. After the death of her mother, her father was worried hed lose his children as well. Brownings father was excessively over protective and Elizabeth spent the majority of her young adulthood alone with a small number of friends and no love. Browning had and accident in 1821 she seriously damaged her spine. After a long time being an invalid her luck changed. Robert Browning was a well known poet and in 1845 Elizabeth met Robert for the first time. Time passed, they got to know each other and the pair began a secret relationship, without Elizabeths father knowing. Soon after they privately got married and eloped to Italy to escape Brownings father. The couple were deeply in love and when Elizabeth died Robert was left heart broken. During the two ladies lives they suffered injuries and sicknesses. Their physical problems did not stop them from finding love of good men. The experiences of love they had blossomed their poetic minds and imaginations. My essay will be comparing two controversial love poems, Remember me and How do I Love Thee. Remember me is a very unique love poem; it was written to express Rossettis love but is based around a depressing topic. The poem was written about Rossettis coming death. Although her poem is about death it is still incredibly powerful. Rossetti wrote it to send a message to her partner. The message is straightforwardly remember me. In any love poem death is a hard to topic to place in, yet Rossetti managed to write an outstanding piece of writing. Brownings poem has a contrasting theme to the poem written by Rossetti. Elizabeths poem portrays the more pleasant side of love. Throughout the poem she explains how her love is constantly growing. She must have loved her man dearly. The poem shows how overwhelmed with love she was. Brownings poem shows how true, strong love can never be broken. Remember me is a simple yet affective poem. It begins with the basic message of the whole poem, Remember me when Im gone away, by gone away she meant dead. She then says that shes going to the silent land, the silent land is fundamentally another way of saying heaven. Rossetti then explains her memories she had and how she would no longer be able to do certain things with her partner. Nor I half turning to go yet half turning stay, this means that she didnt want to leave but in the end shed have to. .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 , .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .postImageUrl , .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 , .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2:hover , .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2:visited , .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2:active { border:0!important; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2:active , .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2 .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85bc1240d23ee180c4c9d9ad18e461f2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How do the Poets Portray the Theme of Love in the Poems you have studied EssayIn that time it was typical of the man to control his wifes every move. This is shown when she writes the future that you planned which says she had nothing to do with planning their future. In the next two lines she explains how its too late to get help or advice she just wants him to remember her. After that she becomes dominant and commands her man by saying do not grieve; she didnt want her lover to be upset. She then tells him that if the darkness and corruption leave and her illness worsen, her behaviour will change. Shes saying sorry if her mental state deteriorates. In the last three line s she comes to a tearful conclusion. Better by far that you should forget and smile than that you should remember and be sad she knew she was going to die and she didnt want anyone to be miserable in life. How do I love thee? is a beautiful poem that could be mistaken for a very poetic list. The poem starts with How do I love thee? Let me count the ways she then goes on to answer the title question. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height there she is saying she is full of love for her husband. She truly loves her man and we know this because she says I love thee to the level of every days she obviously loves him to the ends of the earth. She then says most quiet need, by sun and candle-light in this she is saying that she loves him constantly in every second of every day. I love thee freely I love they purely these two lines show how she is free to love him and there is nothing bad in her heart. In young life she lost her mother and two brothers and she shows this when she says in my old griefs she did grieve a lot in her young life. She refers back to her family soon after with my lost saints her lost saints being her family. The final lines truly show how strong her love is. I shall but love thee better after death this sentence explains how true love can never be broken in any situation or predicament. How do I love thee is a very powerful love poem written for Elizabeths true love. All poems have different moods and these two poems have two controversial moods, which I will explain. Rossettis poem had a slightly morbid sense to it and is different to any other love poem. Although the poem has a bleak context it has an optimistic outlook on the future. Remember me is telling Rossettis lover that he should rejoice and be pleased with the passionate, sensual relationship they had together. Brownings poem is more lustful and uplifting explaining her ever growing love for her husband. Elizabeths poem is a lot more detailed about her unconditional love. Sympathy and loss are the feelings evoked in Rossettis poem. In Brownings poem feelings of desire and infatuation are evoked. Both poems are very calm and subtle in mood but yet they are controversial. Both poems use a variety of poetic devices. They both use superb emotive language and I will show where they have been used. Throughout Remember me the word remember was repeated numerous times to reinforce the basic message. A euphemism is used when it says gone away, meaning dead. Personification is used once at the beginning of the poem and once at the end. Personification always puts power into writing, doing so divinely in this poem. Some strong loaded words are used to build up a climax in the poem. The climax in this poem is very moving and doesnt make you loose interest. The sonnet structure of Remember me is very flowing and the rhyming scheme is A, B, B, A, A, B, B, A, C, D, D, E, C, E. This scheme reminds me of gentle waves lapping calmly on a sandy shore of a beach. .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f , .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .postImageUrl , .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f , .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f:hover , .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f:visited , .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f:active { border:0!important; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f:active , .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a6d090b8b38d8affc3acd2e84661a2f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry and Power EssayHow do I love thee is the poem title but is also a rhetorical question, although the question is answered by Browning later on in the poem. The poem uses personification to express her love in an abstract way. A capital letter twice in mid sentence is used to indicate the importance to Elizabeth. Strangely the first eight lines of the poem refer to the present where as the last six lines refer to her past. Flowing loaded words are used to highlight significant points in the poem. This sonnet structure is also fluid with two half rhymes to make it different. The rhyming scheme for this poem is A, B, B, C, A, B, B, A, D, E, D, E, D, E. This rhyming sche me reminds me of rain falling gracefully down a wide open road because of the calmness of the poem. This poem is extremely full of love and joy. In conclusion, Brownings poem is successful because it used powerful emotive language and had an advanced use of detail in it. Rossettis poem is successful because it uses death in a love poem which can be exceedingly difficult to do. Rossettis poem is very morbid but has a joyful outlook to the future. Brownings poem is very cheerful and expresses love to the maximum of levels. Both poems are very good in quality and description and both have a great use of rhetorical devices. Rossetti and Browning were fantastic writers and the world is lucky to of had them walk the planet.